Tag Archive for: Georgia Militia

As we ease our way toward the 250th anniversary of the founding of the United States in 2026, it’s worth pausing to reflect on the profound sacrifices that birthed our nation. On July 4, 1776, 56 delegates gathered in Philadelphia to adopt the Declaration of Independence, a bold assertion of liberty that ignited a revolution.

Like many Americans, my family tree is deeply entwined with that struggle. Twenty of my ancestors stepped forward as Patriots to fight for independence, while a few aligned with the Loyalists, and others may have served among the British regulars. Their stories unfold across the colonies, in famed battles like Brandywine and King’s Mountain, as well as obscure skirmishes known mostly to historians.

Recently, my research uncovered two more Patriot ancestors—a fifth great-grandfather and a fourth great-granduncle—adding fresh layers to this personal history. One such story centers on my fifth great-grandfather, John Samples, of Richmond County, Georgia. In 1777, he joined the Georgia Militia under captains aligned with Colonel Elijah Clarke, a renowned Patriot leader celebrated for his guerrilla tactics. His service culminated in the Battle of Alligator Creek Bridge on June 30, 1778, during the third and final Patriot attempt to invade British East Florida.

Authorized by Georgia’s assembly, the campaign aimed to seize St. Augustine and halt Loyalist raids, but it was doomed by command disputes between Continental General Robert Howe and Governor John Houstoun. By late May 1778, about 1,300 men—Georgia militia and South Carolina Continentals—had advanced into Florida. On June 29, Howe occupied Fort Tonyn near modern Hilliard, Florida.

The next day, a detachment pursued retreating Loyalist Rangers led by Colonel Thomas Brown south to Alligator Creek, a swampy tributary west of present-day Callahan, Florida, near U.S. Route 301. Likely led by Colonel James Screven’s cavalry and supported by Clarke’s militia of 100–300 men from Richmond and Wilkes Counties, the Patriots assaulted a British redoubt at the bridge. The terrain was unforgiving: dense swamps, a wide ditch, and felled trees that bogged down the cavalry.

Opposing them were British regulars, Loyalist militia (including Brown’s East Florida Rangers), and Native American allies, possibly Creek or Seminole warriors, totaling 200–400 men with a numerical edge. The British unleashed a flanking ambush, sowing chaos amid the lack of distinct uniforms.

The Patriots endured heavy losses: about eight or nine killed, nine wounded, and several captured, according to accounts from the American Battlefield Trust. Clarke himself was severely wounded, and Screven was injured. British casualties were lighter, around four or five killed.

The Patriots retreated, and the expedition unraveled by July 14 due to disease, desertions, and supply failures. John Samples was among those captured in the fray.

He was imprisoned at St. Augustine’s Castillo de San Marcos, where brutal conditions—starvation, disease, and abuse—claimed many lives. Tragically, he died there, the only ancestor I know of who gave his life in the war.

Tory raids later destroyed his Richmond County home, forcing his family to flee.

In the wake of his father’s death, my fourth great-granduncle, Jesse Sampley, enlisted in 1779 at age 15 or 16.

Serving under officers like Ensign William Luker and Captain James Ryan, he fought Tories and British forces until 1783, often in South Carolina and Georgia campaigns.

Jesse’s 1833 pension application and claims for war reimbursements provide the richest details about John’s service and the family’s hardships.

As we approach a decade of semiquincentennial commemorations—from the Declaration in 2026 to the Treaty of Paris in 2033—let us remember these unsung heroes. Their valor forged our freedom. Each year, honor their memory: visit a battlefield, read a history book, or share a family story. In doing so, we keep the spirit of 1776 alive.

Check out Randall’s film The American’s Creed.